Nameerror name - Firstly, maybe your df object is not global variable. If so, you may pass df as an argument to the function. For the syntax, your access to the index should be .index [0] rather than .index (0). A more compact solution is return str (df ['Gold'].idxmax ()). @jezrael Thanks for suggestion.

 
3 Answers. Because model has not been defined before using it in the line classes = model.predict (images, batch_size=10). First define a model and then use it, for eg; from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression x = 30 * np.random.random ( (20, 1)) y = 0.5 * x + 1.0 + np.random.normal (size=x.shape) model = LinearRegression () model.fit .... Utmb sdn 2022 2023

Sep 26, 2020 · class GameLogic (object): def __init__ (self): self._player = Player (7) class Player (object): def __init__ (self,move_count): self.move_count = move_count. This is not my original code. I simplified my original code to show my mistake. Part of my original code is down below. class GameLogic: def __init__ (self, dungeon_name="game1.txt ... Dec 27, 2022 · Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about Teams class GameLogic (object): def __init__ (self): self._player = Player (7) class Player (object): def __init__ (self,move_count): self.move_count = move_count. This is not my original code. I simplified my original code to show my mistake. Part of my original code is down below. class GameLogic: def __init__ (self, dungeon_name="game1.txt ...Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about TeamsJun 27, 2022 · addTWoNumbers() # NameError: name 'addTWoNumbers' is not defined In the code above, we called a function – addTWoNumbers() – that was yet to be defined in the program. To fix this, you can create the function if you need it or just get rid of the function if it is irrelevant. Track = models.get_model (app_name, model_name) else: class Track (AudioTrack): pass class Genre_Track (models.Model): #links genre to tracks audio_track = models.ForeignKey (AudioTrack) genre = models.ForeignKey (Genre) Where is the line throwing this error? Do you have a function named _ defined in that context?Note that you never converted the file contents from a string to an integer, so stu may well be set to the '0' or '1' string. You probably want to convert the string to an integer: with open ("C:/Users/"+ user +"/setting.txt", 'r'): try: stu = int (f.read ()) except ValueError: stu = 0.To fix this error, you can either access pandas using the name that you have used in the import statement or import pandas without an alias. import pandas as pd. # create a dataframe. df = pd.DataFrame( {. 'Name': ['Jim', 'Pam', 'Dwight'], 'Age': [25, 26, 28] }) # display the dataframe. Using this code in my website update tool, I receive a NameError: name 'new_link1' is not defined. However I use the name new_link in my code, not new_link1. I am using Jupyter notebooks with some other notebooks running similar code if that might be having an effect. My code is below.Oct 24, 2019 · The fix is easy: define the __file__ variable to the name of the py module you are testing. In the interpreter type: __file__ = 'modulename.py'. Then run the script again. This method has never caused an issue for me. Share. NameError: name 'Tree' is not defined That's because the class has not been defined yet at this point. The workaround is using so called Forward Reference, i.e. wrapping a class name in a string, i.e. class Tree: def __init__(self, left: 'Tree', right: 'Tree'): self.left = left self.right = rightNote that you never converted the file contents from a string to an integer, so stu may well be set to the '0' or '1' string. You probably want to convert the string to an integer: with open ("C:/Users/"+ user +"/setting.txt", 'r'): try: stu = int (f.read ()) except ValueError: stu = 0. Jan 11, 2023 · NameError: name ‘screen’ is not defined. Did you mean: ‘Screen’? 21st January 2023; ImportError: cannot import name ‘screen’ from ‘turtle’ 21st January 2023; ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘Turtle’ 21st January 2023; Python Quiz Code Sachin Vs Virat 2023 21st January 2023; NameError: name ‘Self’ is not defined. Aug 2, 2015 · 3 Answers. Sorted by: 1. The while loop currently will run forever because the case is always true, newTask == "y". In order to exit the loop newTask needs to be set to something other than "y" causing the case to become false, newTask = "n". On the other hand it appears that your program doesn't need to be within a newTask while loop at all ... May 17, 2018 · NameError: name 'dtype' is not defined Here is the python code : # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from __future__ import division import pandas as pd import numpy as np import ... Jun 27, 2022 · addTWoNumbers() # NameError: name 'addTWoNumbers' is not defined In the code above, we called a function – addTWoNumbers() – that was yet to be defined in the program. To fix this, you can create the function if you need it or just get rid of the function if it is irrelevant. Oct 15, 2020 · Our code returns [0, 1, 2], which is all the numbers in the range of 0 and 3 (exclusive of 3). The xrange() function returns a list of numbers.. Python 3 removed the xrange() function in favor of a new function called range(). In the above traceback, the exception was a NameError, which means that there is a reference to some name (variable, function, class) that hasn’t been defined. In this case, the name referenced is someon. The final line in this case has enough information to help you fix the problem.try: # Python 2 forward compatibility range = xrange except NameError: pass # Python 2 code transformed from range (...) -> list (range (...)) and # xrange (...) -> range (...). The latter is preferable for codebases that want to aim to be Python 3 compatible only in the long run, it is easier to then just use Python 3 syntax whenever possible ...Jul 27, 2022 · NameError: name 'Your' is not defined Most beginners make these types of mistakes and sometimes find it hard to find a solution. One more thing that beginners make ... 3 Answers. The recommended way to use MySQL with Django is to install mysqlclient instead of mysql-connector-python. If you use mysql-connector-python, then you need to change the ENGINE to 'mysql.connector.django' in your DATABASES setting ( docs ). To solve the error, we have to import the random module. main.py. # import random module first import random n1 = random.randint(1, 10) print(n1) s1 = random.choice(['a', 'b', 'c']) print(s1) Even though the random module is in the Python standard library, we still have to import it before using it. Make sure you haven't used a capital letter r ...Nov 23, 2019 · 1 Answer. In Python 3.x, use int instead of long. PEP 237: Essentially, long renamed to int. That is, there is only one built-in integral type, named int; but it behaves mostly like the old long type. A NameError is raised when you try to use a variable or a function name that is not valid. In Python, code runs from top to bottom. This means that you cannot declare a variable after you try to use it in your code.class GameLogic (object): def __init__ (self): self._player = Player (7) class Player (object): def __init__ (self,move_count): self.move_count = move_count. This is not my original code. I simplified my original code to show my mistake. Part of my original code is down below. class GameLogic: def __init__ (self, dungeon_name="game1.txt ...Let’s now look at the above scenarios in detail. The scipy module is not imported. It can happen that you are trying to use the scipy module without even importing it. This is because Python does not recognize the scipy library and its functions until it is imported into the code.1. global bgcolor does not define, declare, or otherwise create a variable. It simply states that a global variable by that name, not a local variable, should be used. You still need to ensure it is defined before your first use in DISPLAYSURF.fill (bgcolor). Specifically, you need to assign a value to the variable before the first time you ...Aug 30, 2021 · I though removing the SELF would have resolved the issue quicker and cleaner, although at this stage I dont really care if the SELF is there or not. In that case how would I define 1) "self._request" 2) def _request (self, method, uri, timeout=5, auth=True, params=None) – hdsouza. Sep 2, 2021 at 14:00. Add a comment. Let’s now look at the above scenarios in detail. The scipy module is not imported. It can happen that you are trying to use the scipy module without even importing it. This is because Python does not recognize the scipy library and its functions until it is imported into the code. Mar 20, 2016 · However, you can remove the unicode () call altogether; open () produces a file object that already decodes data to Unicode for you. You probably want to tell it what codec to use, explicitly: fileMain = open ("dictionary_15k.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") for line1 in fileMain: dictWords.append (line1.strip ()) You may want to switch to Python 2 ... Feb 2, 2023 · if i use 'print' in fist cell, i can see the data from 'data_df'. the problem is when i wolf like use in another cell into jupyterlab. – Carlos. Feb 2 at 21:16. 1. 'NameError: name 'data_df ' is not defined'. Note the extra space after data_df in that message. Maybe you put an extra space in the cell with the code that plots the graphics? 1,610 1 8 28. Add a comment. -1. S is not defined in the global scope, where you're trying to use it (Note that K, r, t, and sigma are also not defined in the global scope and will cause similar errors). Try either defining these variables in the global scope or moving any line that uses them into a function where they are defined.NameError: global name 'xrange' is not defined in Python 3. 370. Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement tensorflow. 185. NameError: global name ...Jun 30, 2022 · NameError: name '_mysql' is not defined after setting change to mysql 3 Django connect mysql problem, NameError: name '_mysql' is not defined Jun 30, 2015 · line 37, in <module> for i in word: NameError: name 'word' is not defined. when I try to run this program. Here is the relevant code: def Pig_word0 (word): "" "This is a function which can make string translate to pig latin and first letter become capital." "" # Determined string include a, e, i, o, u or not Prefix = [] for i in word: if i in ... Sep 21, 2022 · 1. Solution: stop copying random code from other places and wonder why it does not work. Instead write code yourself that you do understand. Having globals is very often a very bad idea, particularly if you do not know what you are doing and how to build a somewhat clean application. – luk2302. Sep 21, 2022 at 8:40. Oct 15, 2020 · Our code returns [0, 1, 2], which is all the numbers in the range of 0 and 3 (exclusive of 3). The xrange() function returns a list of numbers.. Python 3 removed the xrange() function in favor of a new function called range(). 1,610 1 8 28. Add a comment. -1. S is not defined in the global scope, where you're trying to use it (Note that K, r, t, and sigma are also not defined in the global scope and will cause similar errors). Try either defining these variables in the global scope or moving any line that uses them into a function where they are defined.running it from an empty dir makes it go passed this issue. i.e. try the following. mkdir empty_dir && cd empty_dir && python -c 'import torch'. source: answer. Also, I just wan to put it out there that the root cause of this issue for me when importing torch was a broken numpy installation.line 37, in <module> for i in word: NameError: name 'word' is not defined. when I try to run this program. Here is the relevant code: def Pig_word0 (word): "" "This is a function which can make string translate to pig latin and first letter become capital." "" # Determined string include a, e, i, o, u or not Prefix = [] for i in word: if i in ...0. You should insert a cell just before your present code cell and then type the following code. from sklearn.base import BaseEstimator, TransformerMixin. class DataFrameSelector (BaseEstimator, TransformerMixin): def __init__ (self, attribute_names): self.attribute_names = attribute_names def fit (self, X, y=None): return self def transform ...Actually, I found the solution to this. If we use the import from __future__ import annotations it will read the file and it won't have that problem, so we can reference different things in the order that we want.A NameError is raised when you try to use a variable or a function name that is not valid. In Python, code runs from top to bottom. This means that you cannot declare a variable after you try to use it in your code.NameError: name is not defined. In python, nameerror name is not defined is raised when we try to use the variable or function name which is not valid. Example: value = ['Mango', 'Apple', 'Orange'] print(values) After writing the above code, Ones you will print “ values ” then the error will appear as a “ NameError: name ‘values’ is ...1 import logging as lg. 3 # log a warning message "Watch out!" ----> 4 logging.warning ('Watch out!') NameError: name 'logging' is not defined. We get a NameError: name 'logging' is not defined. This is because we have imported the logging module with the name lg but we’re trying to use it using the name logging.How many terms do you want for the sequence? 5 Traceback (most recent call last): File "fibonacci.py", line 18, in <module> n = calculate_nt_term(n1, n2) NameError: name 'calculate_nt_term' is not defined. Python cannot find the name “calculate_nt_term” in the program because of the misspelling.As in your code, you wrote history.history ['categorical_accuracy'], which gives me the idea that you must use history = model. fit (...). The .fit () method must return training logs stuff, so this history variable should possess them. One of the silly reasons is, after training, one probably shut down the notebook and later reload the model ...Sep 21, 2022 · 1. Solution: stop copying random code from other places and wonder why it does not work. Instead write code yourself that you do understand. Having globals is very often a very bad idea, particularly if you do not know what you are doing and how to build a somewhat clean application. – luk2302. Sep 21, 2022 at 8:40. Apr 16, 2022 · 2. TLDR; use this command=app.destroy instead of this command=quito. quit is not defined occurs because the function quito doesn't have access to such variable named quit hence not defined . Assign the command at the quit button to point to app.destroy like so - command=app.destroy that supposed to work because you provide an instance of the ... 1. global bgcolor does not define, declare, or otherwise create a variable. It simply states that a global variable by that name, not a local variable, should be used. You still need to ensure it is defined before your first use in DISPLAYSURF.fill (bgcolor). Specifically, you need to assign a value to the variable before the first time you ...今回はPythonのNameErrorについて解説します。 1. NameErrorとは 2. NameErrorの対応方法 3. まとめ 関連記事 1. NameErrorとは NameErrorはPythonの組み込み例外の1つで、「名前が見つからなかった」というエラーです。 このエラーは、変数や関数などを参照した…Jan 8, 2019 · 1. global bgcolor does not define, declare, or otherwise create a variable. It simply states that a global variable by that name, not a local variable, should be used. You still need to ensure it is defined before your first use in DISPLAYSURF.fill (bgcolor). Specifically, you need to assign a value to the variable before the first time you ... Sep 26, 2020 · class GameLogic (object): def __init__ (self): self._player = Player (7) class Player (object): def __init__ (self,move_count): self.move_count = move_count. This is not my original code. I simplified my original code to show my mistake. Part of my original code is down below. class GameLogic: def __init__ (self, dungeon_name="game1.txt ... Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about TeamsTeams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about TeamsThe above code defines a function named “name” using the keyword “def”. This function is accessed and returns the value “5” successfully. But when we tried to access a sample() function, we encountered the “NameError”, which shows that the “name ‘sample’ is not defined”. This is because this function does not exist in ... 1. Since you installed using pip install nltk, it must have likely installed the latest published version of the code. Seems like there is a bug in the code there, as can be seen in the latest version (3.7) source code here. The issue in version 3.7 is that on line 1680, the function lemma_from_key is being called, but it does not exist.Jun 7, 2009 · Reloading updates module variables, but does not remove old ones, so if you rename something the old name will still exist. If you change class definitions, existing objects will still have the old type. NameError: name 'Your' is not defined Most beginners make these types of mistakes and sometimes find it hard to find a solution. One more thing that beginners make ...Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about Teams3 Answers. The recommended way to use MySQL with Django is to install mysqlclient instead of mysql-connector-python. If you use mysql-connector-python, then you need to change the ENGINE to 'mysql.connector.django' in your DATABASES setting ( docs ).How many terms do you want for the sequence? 5 Traceback (most recent call last): File "fibonacci.py", line 18, in <module> n = calculate_nt_term(n1, n2) NameError: name 'calculate_nt_term' is not defined. Python cannot find the name “calculate_nt_term” in the program because of the misspelling.今回はPythonのNameErrorについて解説します。 1. NameErrorとは 2. NameErrorの対応方法 3. まとめ 関連記事 1. NameErrorとは NameErrorはPythonの組み込み例外の1つで、「名前が見つからなかった」というエラーです。 このエラーは、変数や関数などを参照した…You should use raw_input because you are using python-2.7. When you use input () on a variable (for example: s = input ('Name: ') ), it will execute the command ON the Python environment without saving what you wrote on the variable ( s) and create an error if what you wrote is not defined. Aug 24, 2020 · NameError: name is not defined. In python, nameerror name is not defined is raised when we try to use the variable or function name which is not valid. Example: value = ['Mango', 'Apple', 'Orange'] print(values) After writing the above code, Ones you will print “ values ” then the error will appear as a “ NameError: name ‘values’ is ... Track = models.get_model (app_name, model_name) else: class Track (AudioTrack): pass class Genre_Track (models.Model): #links genre to tracks audio_track = models.ForeignKey (AudioTrack) genre = models.ForeignKey (Genre) Where is the line throwing this error? Do you have a function named _ defined in that context?NameError: name 'Tree' is not defined That's because the class has not been defined yet at this point. The workaround is using so called Forward Reference, i.e. wrapping a class name in a string, i.e. class Tree: def __init__(self, left: 'Tree', right: 'Tree'): self.left = left self.right = rightNameError: name 'db' is not defined. Ask Question Asked 3 years, 3 months ago. Modified 3 years, 3 months ago. Viewed 3k times 0 I've made a simple code using python ... Oct 21, 2012 · Track = models.get_model (app_name, model_name) else: class Track (AudioTrack): pass class Genre_Track (models.Model): #links genre to tracks audio_track = models.ForeignKey (AudioTrack) genre = models.ForeignKey (Genre) Where is the line throwing this error? Do you have a function named _ defined in that context? Jan 7, 2014 · Traceback (most recent call last): File "simple.py", line 4, in <module> class Simple (object): File "simple.py", line 9, in Simple for i in xrange (self.a): NameError: name 'self' is not defined. Python interprets the loop code in the execution scope of the class body. Whatever ends up in the namespace after executing the code in the class ... on Oct 27, 2017. shadiakiki1986 mentioned this issue on Oct 27, 2017. Safe-to-close issues #129. Closed. maxpumperla closed this as completed on Oct 27, 2017.In your case, instead of returning 'edit', it is trying to evaluate the variable name edit, which you have not defined. To solve this, make sure to run your script with Python 3: $ python3 my_script.py. Or, on the off chance that you actually want to use Python 2; raw_input () provides the same functionality as input () does in Python 3.Jan 26, 2020 · 1. It has has to do with how you imported the json module. By using the * notation, you are importing everything in the json module. When importing a module in this way, you do not need to specify the module a function came from. When importing, you have two options, import the module (and reference the module name when using it), or import ... line 37, in <module> for i in word: NameError: name 'word' is not defined. when I try to run this program. Here is the relevant code: def Pig_word0 (word): "" "This is a function which can make string translate to pig latin and first letter become capital." "" # Determined string include a, e, i, o, u or not Prefix = [] for i in word: if i in ...Jul 27, 2022 · 今回はPythonのNameErrorについて解説します。 1. NameErrorとは 2. NameErrorの対応方法 3. まとめ 関連記事 1. NameErrorとは NameErrorはPythonの組み込み例外の1つで、「名前が見つからなかった」というエラーです。 このエラーは、変数や関数などを参照した… Jun 30, 2022 · NameError: name '_mysql' is not defined after setting change to mysql 3 Django connect mysql problem, NameError: name '_mysql' is not defined Using this code in my website update tool, I receive a NameError: name 'new_link1' is not defined. However I use the name new_link in my code, not new_link1. I am using Jupyter notebooks with some other notebooks running similar code if that might be having an effect. My code is below.今回はPythonのNameErrorについて解説します。 1. NameErrorとは 2. NameErrorの対応方法 3. まとめ 関連記事 1. NameErrorとは NameErrorはPythonの組み込み例外の1つで、「名前が見つからなかった」というエラーです。 このエラーは、変数や関数などを参照した…How many terms do you want for the sequence? 5 Traceback (most recent call last): File "fibonacci.py", line 18, in <module> n = calculate_nt_term(n1, n2) NameError: name 'calculate_nt_term' is not defined. Python cannot find the name “calculate_nt_term” in the program because of the misspelling.How to fix NameError: name ‘Y’ is not defined? we use the input () function for user input but input is a string or text, not a code so in our case we need to convert the code Y in to string “Y” then we are able to fix this error, for more clarification please see the above example. For more information Visit Amol Blog Code YouTube Channel.Track = models.get_model (app_name, model_name) else: class Track (AudioTrack): pass class Genre_Track (models.Model): #links genre to tracks audio_track = models.ForeignKey (AudioTrack) genre = models.ForeignKey (Genre) Where is the line throwing this error? Do you have a function named _ defined in that context?I have a Python version 3.3.0 and I am not sure why it does not let me do long for b and m here... I tried to look up the answers on here and but nothing helped...thanks. NameError: global name 'long' is not defined power = long (b) % long (m) There's no more long. Let it go (BTW, int is the new long)

3 Answers. Because model has not been defined before using it in the line classes = model.predict (images, batch_size=10). First define a model and then use it, for eg; from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression x = 30 * np.random.random ( (20, 1)) y = 0.5 * x + 1.0 + np.random.normal (size=x.shape) model = LinearRegression () model.fit .... Detroit

nameerror name

Reloading updates module variables, but does not remove old ones, so if you rename something the old name will still exist. If you change class definitions, existing objects will still have the old type.Solution: NameError: Name ‘Spark’ is not Defined in PySpark. Since Spark 2.0 'spark' is a SparkSession object that is by default created upfront and available in Spark shell, PySpark shell, and in Databricks however, if you are writing a Spark/PySpark program in .py file, you need to explicitly create SparkSession object by using builder to resolve NameError: Name 'Spark' is not Defined. Mar 20, 2016 · However, you can remove the unicode () call altogether; open () produces a file object that already decodes data to Unicode for you. You probably want to tell it what codec to use, explicitly: fileMain = open ("dictionary_15k.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") for line1 in fileMain: dictWords.append (line1.strip ()) You may want to switch to Python 2 ... NameError: name 'Tree' is not defined That's because the class has not been defined yet at this point. The workaround is using so called Forward Reference, i.e. wrapping a class name in a string, i.e. class Tree: def __init__(self, left: 'Tree', right: 'Tree'): self.left = left self.right = rightNameError: name 'nn' is not defined. 4. Pytorch Error, RuntimeError: expected scalar type Long but found Double. 1. Pytorch - AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no ...on Oct 27, 2017. shadiakiki1986 mentioned this issue on Oct 27, 2017. Safe-to-close issues #129. Closed. maxpumperla closed this as completed on Oct 27, 2017.Feb 16, 2023 · You file execute.py permits someone to exec() arbitrary code (here be dragons). In this case, the code includes an alias tk that is unknow in the context of execute.py.. Either execute.py needs to import and set this alias or the text file contents of self.input needs to do that. The clue is in the error: NameError, on line 5 where you call pd.DataFrame, because there is no import statement, Python does not know what the "name" pd means. Share Improve this answerJul 27, 2022 · NameError: name 'Your' is not defined Most beginners make these types of mistakes and sometimes find it hard to find a solution. One more thing that beginners make ... try: # Python 2 forward compatibility range = xrange except NameError: pass # Python 2 code transformed from range (...) -> list (range (...)) and # xrange (...) -> range (...). The latter is preferable for codebases that want to aim to be Python 3 compatible only in the long run, it is easier to then just use Python 3 syntax whenever possible ...Note that you never converted the file contents from a string to an integer, so stu may well be set to the '0' or '1' string. You probably want to convert the string to an integer: with open ("C:/Users/"+ user +"/setting.txt", 'r'): try: stu = int (f.read ()) except ValueError: stu = 0. Note that you never converted the file contents from a string to an integer, so stu may well be set to the '0' or '1' string. You probably want to convert the string to an integer: with open ("C:/Users/"+ user +"/setting.txt", 'r'): try: stu = int (f.read ()) except ValueError: stu = 0. Feb 16, 2023 · You file execute.py permits someone to exec() arbitrary code (here be dragons). In this case, the code includes an alias tk that is unknow in the context of execute.py.. Either execute.py needs to import and set this alias or the text file contents of self.input needs to do that. In the above traceback, the exception was a NameError, which means that there is a reference to some name (variable, function, class) that hasn’t been defined. In this case, the name referenced is someon. The final line in this case has enough information to help you fix the problem.Reason of the “NameError: name ‘request’ is not defined” in Python. The request is a protocol known as the interaction between the client and server. When talking about the request, we are talking about the HTML request. In the Python programming language, NameError: name ‘request’ is not defined occurs when working with Flask or ...Feb 11, 2013 · NameError: name 'Tree' is not defined That's because the class has not been defined yet at this point. The workaround is using so called Forward Reference, i.e. wrapping a class name in a string, i.e. class Tree: def __init__(self, left: 'Tree', right: 'Tree'): self.left = left self.right = right Aug 24, 2020 · NameError: name is not defined. In python, nameerror name is not defined is raised when we try to use the variable or function name which is not valid. Example: value = ['Mango', 'Apple', 'Orange'] print(values) After writing the above code, Ones you will print “ values ” then the error will appear as a “ NameError: name ‘values’ is ... Jan 3, 2023 · To solve the error, make sure you will need to make sure that you need to type the correct spelling in your code. In this case, you should replace Type (Capital T) with the type (Small t), and then run the code again., for more clarification please see the below example. Exercise: Define variable some_variable before you use it and fix the bug!. Note: All the explanations and solutions provided below have been verified using Python 3.8.5. ....

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